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| Typhoid |
What is typhoid fever?
Typhoid fever is a serious bacteria infection caused by Salmonella typhi. This disease is accompanied by fever and can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi.
Typhoid fever is easily spreads through contaminated water, fecal deposits by human and food. This disease comes along with high fever, it can cause abdominal pains, headache, and loss of appetite. This bacteria is deposited in water and food and can be picked up by humans. With prompt and adequate treatment, most people make a full recovery from typhoid fever. However if the infection is left untreated, typhoid can be life-threatening with devastating complications that may lead to death.
What ate the symptoms of typhoid
Typhoid fever comes with associating symptoms, It takes up to 7days to 14 days after the infection for symptoms to manifest. Some of these symptoms are:
Stomach pain
high fever
Body weakness
Rash
Mild to severe headache
poor appetite
Diarrhea
fatigue
confusion
constipation
Life threatening complications of typhoid
Typhoid fever presentation of serious complications are rare and most unlikely if treated early
Serious complications include,
Intestinal bleeding
Intestinal perforations
Blood stream infection (sepsis )
Other serious but rare complications of typhoid
pneumonia
kidney or bladder infection
pancreatitis
myocarditis
endocarditis
meningitis
delirium,
hallucinations
paranoid psychosis
How is typhoid transmitted?
Typhoid disease main route of transmission is the fecal-oral route, spreading through contaminated water and food to people or through direct contact with the infected individual
However carries of S. typhi can infect others even if they recover fully from the infection, typhoid infect about 26 million people annually worldwide. The prevalence of typhoid is higher in India, Africa, Southeast Asia and South America
How Is Typhoid Fever Diagnosed?
After the infection by typhoid and the presenting symptoms, it is important to conduct a diagnostic test to be sure of what to treat.
1. Blood test
2. Urine test
3. Stool culture
How Typhoid develop in the body?
The presence of typhoid is the body begins when a healthy individual ingest water or food contaminated with salmonella typhi . This bacteria invade the small intestine of the host and enters the blood stream through the intestine on a temporary basis, this bacteria is then carried by the white blood cell in the body, spleen, liver and bone marrow where they multiply exponentially and afterwards re-enters the bloodstream. At this point the carrier develop symptoms which includes fever, stomach pain. The bacteria then enters the biliary system, Lymphatic tissue of the bowel system and continues to multiply. At this point when the bacterial is pass in the feces it can be identified in the stool, blood and urine.
How Is Typhoid Fever Treated?
Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics which kill the Salmonella typhi bacteria. With appropriate antibiotic therapy and dosage use, there is usually recovery within seven to 10 days.
1. Ciprofloxacin ( Cipro) is the most frequently used drug for nonpregnant patients.
2. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), an intramuscular injection medication,
3. Ampicillin
4. Trimethoprim -sulfamethoxazole are frequently prescribed antibiotics although resistance has been reported in recent years.
How to avoiding/Prevent typhoid infection
Typhoid is spread through infected food, water and ingestion of infected fences, to avoid coming down with the infection some General rules must be followed.
Drink clean or carbonated bottle or sachet water
Boil drinking water
Avoid direct contact with infected person
Practice good hygiene
Avoid eating street food
Eat hot foods
Avoid raw unclean vegetables and fruits
Avoid ice in drinks which you do not know the source
Vaccination
There is vaccination for typhoid this reduce the risk of coming down with the disease. However vaccines is not 100% efficient or stops one from coming down with the disease. The vaccine It comes in two form oral and injection.
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